USA harbors resentment towards China's rare earth supply chain & wants to start anew

With the intensification of the game between China and the United States, strategic rare earth resources have become the focus of attention. China has just announced export controls on important raw materials such as gallium and germanium. Recently, the United States has reached an agreement with Mongolia involving 31 million tons of rare earth resources. An analysis by a mainstream media in the United States suggests that this is a means for the United States to weaken China Mongolia relations and reduce its dependence on Chinese rare earths.
According to the data released by the United States Geological Survey, Mongolia has found 5 rare earth element deposits, 71 rare earth ore occurrences, more than 260 rare earth mineralization areas, and 31 million tons of rare earth reserves, making it the second largest country in the world for rare earth deposits after China. After the disclosure of this news, it attracted the United States, Japan, South Korea, and the European Union to enter, and the US Mongolia Rare Earth Agreement seems to monopolize Mongolia's rare earth resources, making it difficult for other countries to get a share of it.
Obviously, the US Mongolia Rare Earth Agreement is the intention of the United States to establish a rare earth supply chain independent of China. For the industry, they even doubt whether they are dreaming, because they have never thought about how China's position as a global rare earth manufacturing powerhouse and at the top of the global rare earth supply chain was formed. At present, it is not easy to replace China's position in the global supply chain with only one rare earth agreement.
Moreover, we are skeptical of Mongolia's 31 million tons of rare earth reserves. According to statistics from Mongolia, the country's rare earth reserves are only 20 million tons. However, there is a significant gap between this data and the 31 million tons data in the US Mongolia Rare Earth Agreement, so the motivation for the United States to disclose this news is even somewhat exaggerated. Moreover, it is not easy for Mongolia to develop rare earths and export them to other countries.
Due to the geographical location of Mongolia between China and Russia, any product exported from Mongolia must pass through both countries. For the current period of tense Sino US relations and Ukraine crisis, Mongolia's rare earth exports will become extremely difficult. More importantly, rare earth resources are controlled by China, and Mongolia has chosen to cooperate with the United States and borrow Chinese ports for transportation. Whether China is willing to do so is also unknown.
However, the goal of the United States to break away from its dependence on Chinese rare earths is very clear. In addition to cooperating with Mongolia, the United States, Australia, Canada and other countries plan to start anew. In 2020, Lynas Corporation of Australia will cooperate with Blue Line Corporation of the United States to build a heavy rare earth production plant such as dysprosium for high-performance magnets in Texas, funded by the United States official. This is the first rare earth factory in the United States to separate the entire series of heavy, medium, and light, which is conducive to solving the shortcomings of the United States in rare earth processing and extraction.
At the same time, since 2021, senior U.S. officials have gone to Canada, Australia, Mongolia and many African countries to contact and jointly build the "rare earth alliance" led by the United States. However, such a "rare earth alliance" is only a "political alliance", and is constrained by many factors such as resources and technology. Even if it is built, it will be many years from now, after all, it cannot be easily insteaded.